Intuition
What Is an Intuitive (Psychic) Reading?
An intuitive or psychic reading is a session in which a reader claims to perceive information about you, your situation or your future through abilities beyond the ordinary senses. Readings take place in person, by phone or online, sometimes with tarot cards, palm reading or astrology. Laboratory experiments have not found evidence of psychic precognition, and psychologists explain why readings can still feel accurate.
What does a reader claim to do?
According to the Wikipedia article on psychic readings, a reading is an attempt to discern information through heightened perceptive abilities, described by practitioners with terms such as clairvoyance (seeing), clairaudience (hearing) and clairsentience (feeling). Readings are given for a fee over the phone, in a home, at psychic fairs, or by email, chat and video, and may use tools such as tarot cards, palm reading or astrology, or none at all.
What happens in a session?
You sit with the reader, or connect by phone or video, and may be asked for a question or an area of your life to focus on. The reader then describes impressions, and you are invited to respond. Sessions vary in length and price, so ask about both before you start.
What does the evidence say?
The same article reports that extensive experimentation to replicate psychic results in laboratory conditions has failed to find any precognitive phenomena in humans.
Why can a reading feel so accurate?
Psychologists point to known effects:
- Cold reading: the Wikipedia article on cold reading describes a set of techniques that use high-probability guesses and quickly pick up on signals about whether a guess is heading in the right direction. It notes that psychologists attribute the impression of accuracy to the Barnum effect and to confirmation bias.
- The Barnum effect: people rate vague, general descriptions as highly accurate for themselves. In 1948, psychologist Bertram Forer gave 39 students what they thought were individual personality descriptions; all received the same text, and on average they rated its accuracy 4.30 out of 5, according to the Wikipedia article on the Barnum effect.
- Your own contributions: the cold reading article notes that a subject eager to make connections, or to reinterpret vague statements, helps the reader appear specific.
How do you protect yourself?
- Share less. Answers, reactions and details you volunteer give the reader material to work with.
- Set a budget before you start, and do not pay for extra sessions to “remove” a problem the reading has named.
- Keep decisions separate. Do not base medical, financial or legal choices on a reading.
- Be careful when grieving. If you are recently bereaved, consider waiting, and bring someone you trust if you go.
A simple test after any reading
Write down every specific, checkable statement the reader made, such as names, dates and events, before you talk about it with anyone. Then mark each one later as confirmed, wrong or too vague to check. The tally tells you more than the feeling the session left you with.
This article is general information, not medical or psychological advice; talk with a licensed clinician about your own situation.